Properties of Materials/Strength of materials/Civil Engineering/

 Properties of Materials

1. Strength:

Strength is the ability of s material to withstand various forces to which it is subjected during a test or in service. It is usually described as tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength etc.

2. Stiffness:

It is that property of the material due to which a material can resist deformation.

3. Toughness or Tenacity:

It is the ability of material to withstand bending or application of shear forces without fracture. It is represented as energy absorption per unit volume of the material.

4. Ductility:

It is the property of the material to withstand elongation or bending. Due to this property wires are made by by drawing out through a hole.

5. Brittleness:

It is the opposite of ductility. Brittle materials fail suddenly without warning when stressed beyond their strength. They can not accommodate much change in shape without rapture.

6. Hardness:

It is the ability of material to resist abrasion or cutting, or scratching etc. A hard  material resists scratches by friction with another body.

7. Creep:

It is the property by which a material continues to deform with time under sustained loading. It can take place and lead  to fracture at static stress much smaller than those which will break the specimen by loading quickly.

8. Fatigue: 

Fatigue is the phenomenon that leads to fracture under fluctuating or repetitive load (or stress). Fracture takes place under repeated or fluctuating stress whose maximum value is less than the tensile strength of the material under steady load.

9. Resilience:

It is the amount of energy stored in a strained body, also known as strain energy. The maximum amount of strain energy which can be stored in a unit volume without permanent set is called Proof Resilience of Modulus.